Hampton Normal & Agricultural Institutes American Indian Students, 1878-1923 Compiled and edited from American Indian student files held in the archives of Hampton University in Hampton, Virginia. Jon L. Brudvig, Ph.D. 1994 & 1996 All rights reserved. Original location: Male Students: Names A to F Abeita, Antonio: Pueblo (Isleta, NM) January 1904-October 1908. Received a certificate in Blacksmithing in 1908. Butcher and farmer. Adams, Julius: Oneida (WI) September 1891-June 1895. Carpenter and farmer. Agard, Louis: Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) October 1881-June 1883. Farmer and stockraiser. "A wild western cow-boy." Ahuka, George (White Wolf): Arikara (Fort Berthold, ND) Came to HI in November 1878 at the age of twenty-one. Remained until September 1881. George was the son of Son of the Star, an Arikara chief. George returned home and found employment as the assistant agency carpenter. Died at Fort Berthold in 1884. *Alford, Charles Reese (Welamiaimo): Absentee-Shawnee (Shawnee, OK) October 1902 until graduating in 1906. Also awarded a trade certificate in 1906. Son of HI graduate, Thomas Wildcat Alford. Policemen, government school farmer, and power plant engineer. Alford, Paul Leon: Absentee-Shawnee (Shawnee, OK) October 1902-January 1907. Son of Thomas Wildcat Alford (HI). Expelled from Hampton for drinking. Joined a vaudeville show, farmer, photographer, and oil company employee. *Alford, Pierrepont (Palagonesemo=Single Voice): Absentee-Shawnee (Pottawatomi Reservation, OK) September 1900 until graduating in 1903. Stayed at HI to pursue post-graduate studies in Agriculture 1903-1904. Returned in 1905-1906 for the post-graduate Business Course. Awarded a certificate of completion in 1906. Son of Thomas Wildcat Alford (HI). Became the first HI "grandchild" to graduate. Attended Worcester Polytechnic Institute after HI. Farmer, surveyor, and teacher. *Alford, Thomas Wildcat (Knoahpicila=Single File): Absentee-Shawnee (Shawneetown, OK) October 1879 until graduating in 1882. Teacher, interpreter, surveyor, allotting agent, farmer, U.S. Indian Service clerk, county politician, chairman of the Shawnee Tribal Business Committee. "Excellent in every respect." Alford's autobiography, Civilization, first appeared in print in 1936. Alford, Thompson Wildcat: Absentee-Shawnee (Shawneetown, OK) August 1885-July 1887. Also attended Haskell Institute and Chilocco. Policeman, lease clerk, and United States Indian Service employee. All Yellow, James (Atayagi): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) [M. Jane All Yellow (HI couple); M Carrie Elbow (HI)]. James arrived at HI with his wife, Jane (Eagle Face), in October 1887. The couple left HI in September 1888. Carpenter and farmer. James also operated a store and pool room. Unfortunately, the business failed. Anderson, Chauncy: Tuscarora (Cattaraugus, NY) September 1893-June 1895. Farmer and laborer. Died before 1914. Andrews, Alfred S. (Nuscadit): Arikara (Fort Berthold, ND) June 1898-November 1903. Assistant engineer at Elbowoods School, member of the Indian Band at St. Louis World's Fair in 1904. Alfred entered Brown's Business College in Sioux City, Iowa in 1905. Died in 1906. *Ankle (or Ishkahula), Matthew (Istaqisica): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) August 1890 until graduating in 1898. Matthew also received a Carpentry certificate. He later attended Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, NH, 1898-1899. Returned to HI for the post-graduate Business Course 1901 and 1902. Clerk, laborer, World War I veteran. Matthew was gassed during the war and never fully recovered. Died March 2, 1930. Buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Archambault, Charles Jerome: Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) September 1921-June 1923. Awarded an auto mechanics certificate in 1923. Charles continued his education at the Friends School, Baltimore, Maryland. Son of John Archambault (HI). Archambeau (Archambault), John: Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) October 1881-May 1884; April 1885-January 1887. Attended night school while at HI. John joined the Army after returning home. Later worked as a carpenter. Archambeau (Archambault), Joseph: Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) October 1881-May 1884. Served in the Army during World War I. Successful farmer and stockman. Joseph also owned a hotel and store. Treasurer of Corson County, highly respected by Indians and whites alike. Archambeau, Peter (or Pierre): Sioux (Yankton, SD) October 1886-September 1888. Returned home early due to tuberculosis and died January 1889. Archiquette, Robert Smith: Oneida (WI) October 1897-November 1900. Left HI to enter Haskell Institute. Died in April 1902 of pneumonia. Archiquette, Solomon: Oneida (WI) September 1896-October 1901. Farmer. "Married a good-for- nothing girl & got like her." Arihotchkish (Long Arm): Hidatsa (Fort Berthold, ND) November 1878-September 1881. Son of Chief Hard Horn, a progressive leader. Long Arm continued his education at Fort Buford. Died in 1885. Armell, Louis (Hanaka): Winnebago (NB) September 1894-October 1897. Farmer, businessman, interpreter, and elder in the Dutch Reformed Church. Armstrong, Charles: Seneca (Cattaraugus, NY) September 1903-June 1904. "Unsatisfactory and troublesome." Farmer. Arpan, Claymore: Sioux (Cheyenne River, SD) August 1885-September 1889. Died in 1889. Arrow, Claude (Nakijin): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) August 1890-July 1893. Agency employee. "Dancing & Loafing." Died in 1896. Arrow, Joseph (Wahinkpe): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) June 1884-July 1885. Left HI due to failing health. Farmer. Ashley, Edward P. H. (Husansan=Grey Legs): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) November 1878-September 1881; September 1883-July 1885. Farmer at Fort Thompson, South Dakota. Also a stockraiser, teacher, and catechist. Reported as "doing very well." Husansan was the brother of White Ghost and Wizi, Sioux chiefs. Ashley, Thomas Paseca (Paseca=Skull): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) [M. Madeline Currier (HI); M. Carrie Elbow (HI)]. October 1881-July 1885; October 1887-September 1889. Farmer, policeman, missionary, and Justice of the Peace. Deposed from the Episcopal Mission. Later tried the Presbyterian Mission but was not wanted. Ashley, Wallace (Sunkahinto=Muskrat): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) October 1889-July 1891. Farmer, stockraiser, agency freighter, Justice of the Peace, and sheriff. Aygenoughwea, Louis (Eknainyanke): Sioux (Cheyenne River, SD) November 1878-September 1881; July 1884-March 1885. Policeman, catechist, and member of the Indian Business Council. Also called Louis Agna. Chief No Heart's nephew. Azul, Antonito (Hortumiatwoihim=Evening Thunder): Pima (AZ) February 1881-June 1882. "A man of excellent character." "Father of much Pima Progress." Farmer, interpreter, and Pima chief. Died before 1932. Azul, Harry (Mohaticalpaha): Pima (AZ) February 1881-May 1884. Son of Antonito Azul (HI). Farmer, interpreter, and storekeeper. Bad Fish (or Avery), David: Sac & Fox (Sac & Fox Agency, OK) November 1886-September 1889. "A bad fellow, thoroughly unreliable." Attended Haskell Institute after leaving HI. Badger, Edward Wilson (Sunukadog=Badger): Arikara (Fort Berthold, ND) September 1898-December 1902. Described as a "first-rate man." Assistant agency carpenter and farmer. Blinded by trachoma. Badger, Fred (Camini): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) September 1897-June 1900. Ranch hand and band member. Died in 1902. Badger, John (Ewanynsica): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) October 1893-June 1897. "Does fair, lived on allotment." Carpenter, herder, farmer, and band member. Bagola, George (Togash): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) [M. Laura Face (HI)]. November 1888-August 1892. Farmer, rancher, and policeman. Bailey, Lyman (Donwohhohyah): Seneca (Tonawanda, NY) September 1897-July 1899. Left due to illness. Died August 31, 1899. Baird, Chauncey: Oneida (WI) [M. Matilda Metoxen (HI)]. September 1895-June 1898. Blacksmith and farmer. Elected Treasurer of the town of Hobart, WI. Died in 1953. Baird, Emerson Charles: Oneida (WI) September 1921-June 1923. Son of Chauncey and Matilda Baird, HI alumni. Entered HI's prep classes and studied automobile mechanics. Baird, Laban: Oneida (WI) February 1904-1907. Farmer and railroad employee. *Baird, Reuben: Oneida (WI) September 1900 until his graduation in 1904. Reuben remained at HI 1904-1906 to take the post-graduate course in Agriculture. Ran away from his outing placement in 1906. Creamery employee and government school farmer. "Not bad, not good." Baldan, Robert: Pottawatomi (Shawneetown, OK) August 1885-July 1886. Returned home early because of an illness. farmer until his death on January 1892. Banks, George (Beditan hunka): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) September 1891-April 1895. Bronco buster, band member, and drifter. Died in June 1909. Baptiste, John (Wakanka): Winnebago (NB) John entered HI in September 1894 after graduating from Carlisle in 1893. He was expelled in June 1895 for his "habitual use of intoxicating liquors." Policeman, translator for the Smithsonian Institution, laborer, interpreter, and member of the mescal society. Died June 1914. Barker, Alfred H. (Hepan): Sioux (Santee, NB) September 1890-July 1893. Blacksmith, farmer, and Episcopal minister and catechist among the Ponca Indians. Barry, John: Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) September 1897-August 1898. Farmer, carpenter, and interpreter. Baskin, Samuel J.: Sioux (Santee, NB) September 1890-July 1893; September 1893-June 1897. Spent 1897 in the North. Samuel also attended Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, NH. Shoemaker and mechanic at the Riggs Institute, Santee, NB. Died in May 1928. Bateman, Guy (Psychie): Arikara (Fort Berthold, ND) October 1897-June 1899. Clerk until his death in June 1900. *Battice, Walter (Pamiwathaskuk): Sac & Fox (Sac & Fox Agency, OK) October 1882 until graduating in 1887. Walter continued his education at a state normal school in Bridgewater, MA, and graduated in 1889. He later graduated from Haskell Institute in 1897. Teacher, clerk, and member of the Tribal Council. Sold his land in 1914 and joined a traveling show. In the entertainment business in New York City. Baxter, Samuel (Theumbagegthae=Flashing Lightning): Omaha (NB) August 1884-June 1885. Farmer and Coutny Tax Assessor. Good home record. *Bayhylle, Daniel (Risawro-siritiricoo=Looking Chief): Pawnee (Pawnee, OK) October 1905-June 1908; September 1908-May 1910. Received a trade certificate in tailoring 1906-1907. Daniel graduated from HI in 1909, but remained at the school in 1910 for the post-graduate Business Course. Attended Carlisle and later owned a prosperous tailor shop. *Bazhaw, Frank: Pottawatomi (Shawneetown, OK) October 1888 until graduating in 1893. Printer, teacher, and clerk. Graduated from Haskell Institute in 1897. Later became a farmer, stockraiser, and Recording Secretary for the Brotherhood Carmen of America (for the Santa Fe Railroad). Bean, William: Sioux (Yankton, SD) October 1881-September 1884. Shoemaker in a government school, agency miller, carpenter, farmer, and assistant mechanic. William was also an officer in the Indian Y.M.C.A. at Yankton. Bear, Henry (Menahka): Winnebago (NB) September 1899-September 1905. Attended Pierce Business School after HI. Worked in a freight depot and farmed. Bear, John: Winnebago (NB) [M. Cora Frenchman Bear (HI couple); M. Hattie James (HI)]. July 1885-May 1888. Returned to HI in November 1888 with his first wife, Cora Bear. The couple's son, Thomas Morgan Bear, was born at HI on December 24, 1889. The couple departed in April 1890. John became a farmer, policeman, and carpenter. School officials also reported John was a "mescal man." Bear, John (Comes After): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) September 22, 1899-November 6, 1899. John returned home after a brief stay on account of his poor eyesight. Farmer, blacksmith, and carpenter. Died in 1916. Bear, Thomas Morgan: Winnebago (NB) Son of John and Cora Bear, a HI couple. Born at HI on December 24, 1889. Thomas returned home with his parents in April 1890. Attended Grant's Institute, at Genoa, Nebraska, in 1899. Bear Bird, Baptiste (Catka-tanka=Big Left Hand): Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) [M. Julia Bear Bird (HI couple)]. October 1881-May 1884. The son of Chief Bear Bird returned to HI in November 1884 with his wife, Julia Bear Bird. Their son, Benjamin Bear Bird, was born, and later died at HI. The pair left HI in May 1886. Teacher, carpenter, and catechist. Died suddenly in August 1900. Bear Bird, Benjamin: Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) Benjamin was the infant son of Baptiste and Julia Bear Bird. He was born at HI and later died at the school on August 4, 1885. He was buried in the school cemetery. Beardsley, Eli (Quiuna): Pueblo (Laguna, NM) [M. Delora John (HI)]. October 1906-November 1908; September 1909-October 1910. Awarded a steamfitter's certificate in 1910. Railroad employee and engineer in Indian schools. Bearheart, Alexander (Agana): Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) September 1899-December 1902. Returned home due to illness. Died in February 1903. Bear Heart, Peter (Cante-Mato): Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) November 1888-July 1891. Agency blacksmith and farmer. Died April 25, 1897. Bear Robe, James (Matohasina): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) May 1886-May 1888. Carpenter at the agency until his illness. "A good and industrious workman." Died in September 1891. Bears Heart, James (Nacoista): Cheyenne Arrived with Richard Henry Pratt and the other Fort Marion prisoners on April 13, 1878. James was the only one of the Fort Marion Indians to remain at HI when Pratt left for Carlisle in October 1879. James returned home in April 1881 and found employment as a carpenter. Died in 1882. Recognized as one of the Fort Marion artists. Beauchamp, Peter Hayward (Sitting Bull): Arikara (Fort Berthold, ND) Came to HI with a group of pupils escorted by Anna Dawson on June 15, 1898. Returned home in January 1902. Worked as a teacher, farmer, and stockraiser. Actively involved in church affairs and became a minister in the Congregational Church. Later elected a tribal chief. Beaupre, Joseph: Chippewa & Sioux (Yankton, SD) November 1884-September 1888. Worked for Thomas Sloan (HI), farm laborer, and carpenter. Beaver, Jones: Shawnee (Shawnee, OK) November 1908-September 1910. Studied mechanics. Band member and farmer. Beecher, Henry Ward: Pawnee (Pawnee Agency, OK) October 1888-September 1889. Left HI early because of poor health. Farmer. Died December 8, 1889. Bellcour [Bellcourt], Andrew Joseph: Chippewa (White Earth, MN) November 1911-October 1912. Andrew left HI early when the government appropriation ended. World War I veteran. Worked for a motor truck company. *Bender, Fred: Chippewa (White Earth, MN) October 1911 until graduating in May 1915. Clerk, farmer, and World War I veteran. Continued his education at Fairmont College, Wichita, Kansas. Iowa state highway inspector. Bender, George: Chippewa (White Earth, MN) October 1914-May 1915. Studied steamfitting at HI. Completed high school at the Roe Institute in Wichita, KS. Later attended Fairmont College, Wichita, KS. Benoist, Felix: Sioux (Yankton, SD) December 1879-December 1881. Returned to Cherry Creek, SD. Successful cattleman, farmer, and interpreter. Benoist, William (Howaste): Sioux (Cheyenne River, SD) December 1882-July 1883. Stockraiser, interpreter, and Vice-President of Farmer's State Bank, Mobridge, SD. Died in August 1910. Bernie, Jesse: Sioux (Yankton, SD) December 1879-September 1880. Left HI due to illness. Farmer and elder in the Presbyterian Church. Died around 1900. Bernie, Robert: Sioux (Yankton, SD) February 1908-April 1908. Son of Jessie Bernie (HI). Dismissed for "immorality & consequent disease." Big Mane, Philip (Majuwicakin): Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) October 1889-July 1891. Chief Big Mane's son left HI due to illness. Died during the 1890s. Big Mane, Robert: Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) November 1888-July 1891. Robert's father was Chief Big Mane. Returned home and died during the 1890s. Big Thunder, Robert (First Born Son): Winnebago (Marathon County, WI) February 1909-May 1912. Robert studied agriculture at HI and became a farmer after his return home. World War I veteran who was injured in battle. Returned home to Wisconsin and became an automobile mechanic and church worker. *Bird, Eli: Cherokee (NC) (file missing) October 1910-1913; 1915-1918. Awarded a carpentry certificate in 1915. HI awarded Eli his diploma in 1922. Worked for the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, OH. Bird, Nathan Porter: Sioux (Sisseton, SD) September 1921-March 1922. School officials expelled Nathan for spreading false rumors about Linda Doxtater. *Bishop, Benjamin Franklin: Seneca (Cattaraugus, NY) September 1905 until graduating in May 1909. Benjamin was awarded a machinist's certificate by mistake, work was not up to HI's standards. Machinist. Benjamin also graduated from Carlisle Indian School (1903). Bishop, Edwin (Running Bull): Sioux (Yankton, SD) November 1878-September 1881. Shoemaker at a government school. Died in April 1882, the victim of an accidental shooting. *Bishop, Lucius: Seneca (Cattaraugus, NY) September 1893 until graduating in 1898. Farmer and machinist. Lucius also worked as musician and entertainer in New York City. Bisonigijig, Henry (Niwinigabow): Chippewa (Lac du Flambeau, WI) September 1908-October 1911. Awarded a trade certificate in blacksmithing. Blacksmith and mason until joining the Navy in 1920. Blackbird, Tony (Nataska): Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) September 1890-April 1895. Store clerk and farmer. Died May 30, 1914. Black Deer, Bruce: Winnebago (NB) September 1897-June 1900. Notes report mescal, "bad," "lazy." Bruce was institutionalized in 1921 with "syphillitic brain trouble." Blackhawk, Frank (Cetan-Sapa): Sioux & Negro (Standing Rock, ND) October 1881-July 1885. Frank was the first Indian with black ancestry to attend HI. Served eighteen months in prison for stealing alcohol from the agency physician. Assistant cook at the state penitentiary after his release, farmer, and laborer. Later jailed a second time for complicity in the Spicer family murders, but released when other individuals involved in the murder were lynched while in prison. Died in March 1901. Blackhawk, John (Hunhiskijohgah): Winnebago (NB) September 1899-June 1902. Farmer. "Poor record...immoral." *Blackhawk, Joseph (Mahtinshagah): Winnebago (NB) [M. Ida Elm (HI)]. September 1899 until graduating in 1906. Took post-graduate courses in agriculture at HI in 1907 and 1908. Married Ida Elm (HI). Farmer. "Up and down no backbone." Died on June 11, 1935. Blackhawk, Peter (Cetan-sapa): Sioux & Negro (Standing Rock, ND) October 1887-July 1890. Farmer, stockraiser, and carpenter. Reports indicate: "doing very well." "Has a good deal of influence." *Blackhoop, Frank David (Hewetate=Wind on the Forehead): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) November 1915-September 1918; November 1918 until graduating from HI in 1921. Frank pursued musical training at the Conservatory of Music, Ithaca, New York. While in New York he was a clarinetist in the famous Conway Band. Frank later entered the American Conservatory of Music, Chicago, Illinois. Music teacher in Indian boarding schools. Member of the Standing Rock Tribal Council and Y.M.C.A. leader. Blackwater, Domego: Pima (Sacaton, AZ) September 1905-May 1908. Awarded a cerpenter's certificate in 1908. Farmer, school carpenter and disciplinarian. "Doing excellent work." Block, John: Caddo (Cheyenne & Arapaho Agency, OK) October 1889-June 1891. Graduated from the Santa Fe Indian School in 1897. Clerk, laborer and farmer. Reported to be "an industrious, thrifty farmer." Blodgett, Robert Ezra: Wailaki (Hoopa, CA) October 1910-December 1912. Expelled after refusing to obey school rules. Ranch hand and motorman. Blue Boy, Jack (Hoksinato): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) November 1885-September 1888. "Varied record." "Farming a little, poor home." Harnessmaker and farmer. Reported to be an "excellent workman." Died before 1928. Blue Cloud, Martin (Yukimicapi): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) August 1890-June 1892. Returned home due to illness and died in 1892. Son of Red Cloud. Bluelips, Eugene [or Eugene Tattoo]: Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) December 1918-February 1919. Returned home early because HI's physician believed Eugene's tubercular leg required surgery. Dairy employee. Blue Pipe, John (Carronpato): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) June 1884-1885. Died May 3, 1885 at HI from scrofula and consumption. Buried in the school cemetery. Blythe, Arch: Cherokee (NC) April 1894-December 1897. Government school employee. His son, Sampson J. Blythe, also attended HI. Blythe, Jarret (Jaldijula): Cherokee (NC) October 1905-1908. Jarret learned the painting and agriculture trades while at HI. Farmer, carpenter, and painter. Elected chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokees for four consecutive four year terms from 1931-1947. Elected chief again in 1955. Jarret was the 1956 recipient of the Indian Achievement of the Year Award presented by the Indian Council Fire Organization. Blythe, Sampson Joseph (Fox): Cherokee (NC) December 1918-May 1921. Son of Arch Blythe (HI). Studied agriculture at HI until his expulsion for drinking. Sampson later enrolled at Haskell Institute. Laborer. Blythe, William Henry: Cherokee (NC) February 1895-June 1896. Attended Haskell Institute. Farmer. William also served as President of the Returned Students and Progressive Indian Association. Bobidosh, Alexander: Chippewa (Lac du Flambeau, WI) September 1908-May 1910. Studied carpentry at HI. Alexander later entered Carlisle Indian School. Blacksmith, mail carrier, and farmer. Bonaparte, Charles: Winnebago (NB) July 1885-February 1887. Farmer. Caroline Andrus of HI remarked: "one of the biggest drunkards & biggest rascals on the reservation, utterly wothless." Died in 1913. Bone Club, Felix (Huhucanhpe=Bone Club): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) August 1890-July 1893. Missionary and helper at St. Elizabeth's Mission. Died in January 1895. Bourassa, Peter: Pottawatomi (Quapaw Agency, OK) October 1889-December 1889. Returned home due to a family emergency. Managed family farm, blacksmith, and carpenter in the government schools. Boutang, Albert: Chippewa, Pembina Band (White Earth, MN) September 1903-May 1905. Farmer and night watchman at the government school. Boutang, Irving Alfred (Wignesch): Chippewa, Pembina Band (White Earth, MN) September 1903-1905. Bow, Claude (Itazipa=Jumping): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) August 1886-July 1889. Tailor, clerk, assistant farmer, and laborer. Organized the Indian Christian Association for returned HI students. Died before 1916. Bowman, Thomas (Acalahoraca=Horse from a Distant Country): Pawnee (Pawnee Agency, OK) September 1883-July 1885. Returned home due to illness. Artist until his death on January 10, 1886. Bradley, Morgan: Cherokee (NC) September 1909-May 1912; October 1912-September 1914. Awarded a machinist's certificate in 1914. World War I veteran. Farmer and laborer at Cherokee, NC. Brankham (or Branham), Clarence Stein: Cherokee (Amherst County, VA) September 1914-September 1915. The first and only American Indian from Virginia to enter HI left the school early to work in Hampton and Newport News, VA. Clarence also found employment as a farmhand. Brave, Benjamin (Ohitika=Brave Long Feather): Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) [M. Ida Recontre (HI)]. October 1881-July 1885. Farmer, teacher, and catechist. Ohitika studied for the ministry and became an ordained Episcopalian minister. The couple's son, Benjamin Deane Brave, also attended HI. Reverend Ben Brave died in December 1948. Brave, Jr., Benjamin Deane: Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) September 1920-September 1921. Benjamin continued his education at Santee, Nebraska, after leaving HI in 1921. He was the son of Ben Brave (Ohitika) and Ida Recontre Brave, HI alumni. Brazeau, Peter (Tanyan-wakuwa=Good Hunter): Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) October 1881-May 1884. Agency painter until his illness. Died in May 1886. Bread, Daniel: Oneida (WI) October 1893-June 1895. Farm laborer and drifter. Daniel was the great-grandson of Chief Bread who lead the Oneidas from New York to Wisconsin. Brewer, Edward: Shinnecock (Southampton, NY) October 1885-June 1886. Returned to his home in New York. Brick, Louis: Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) Came to HI in 1884 and left the same year. Stage coach driver. Briggs, Charles (Makaizita): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) [M. Selina Printup (HI)]. October 1889-June 1894. Farmer, agency carpenter and miller, and storekeeper. Brooks, Benjamin: Micmac (Oldtown, ME) October 1892-October 1896. Good record. Attended Norwich University in Northfield, CT. Teacher and a house and sign painter. Brown, Clay J. (Weixkitch): Wichita (Andarko, OK) September 1897-June 1900. Farmer, stockraiser, shoemaker, and industrial teacher. "Does well." *Brown, George William (Metawagwen): Chippewa (Lac du Flambeau, WI) September 1908-May 1913. Awarded a carpenter's certificate in 1910 and graduated from HI in 1913. Mechanic and carpenter in the United States Indian Service. Brown, Harry (Wankicunla): Sioux (Cheyenne River, SD) November 1878-September 1881; October 1883-January 1885. The son of Chief White Horse returned home early due to illness. Harry taught in a government school until his death in March 1885. Brown, Oscar (Cetan-Wanjina=One Hawk): Sioux (Yankton, SD) November 1878-September 1881. Oscar's father was Running Bull, a First Lieutenant in Sibley's Scouts. He returned home due to illness and died in March 1883. Brown, Samuel: Sioux (Yankton, SD) [M. Amy Wizi (HI)]. December 1879-June 1883. Shoemaker at St. Paul's School and farmer. Died on February 19, 1891. *Bruyier, John: Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) November 1886-graduating in 1890. From November 1886 until July 1888 John worked for the Bureau of American Ethnology in Washington, D.C., assisting James Owen Dorsey complile a dictionary of the Teton Lakota dialect. After his graduation from HI John attended the Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, New Hampshire. He abandoned his studies when his health began to fail. John returned home and died in 1893. Bubuna, Daniel (Ekaka=Elk): Sioux (Yankton, SD) November 1884-January 1887. Farmer. Caroline Andrus reported: "good for nothing." Buck, Eddie: Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) Arrived in November 1884 with his parents, Louis and Hannah Buck (a HI couple). One year old Eddie became ill during the trip East died of pneumonia at HI in December 1884. Buried in the school cemetery. Buck, Eugene: Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) Three year old Eddie came to HI in November 1884 with his parents, Louis and Hannah Buck (a HI couple). Returned home with his parents in February 1885. Died in 1885 or 1886. Buck, Louis: Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) [M. Hannah Buck (HI couple)]. November 1884-February 1885. Louis arrived at HI with his wife, Hannah Buck, and two children, Eddie and Eugene. Farmer, mail carrier, and policeman. Died in February 1908. Buffalo, John (Tatanka): Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) June 1884-March 1885. Returned home due to illness and died in 1886. Bunn, Gilbert: Shinnecock (Southampton, NY) October 1885-June 1886. Laborer. Described as "industrious," but "drinks." Burgess, William (Hoohe): Oto (Oto Agency, OK) October 1889-January 1893. Good home record. Farmer, carpenter, and policeman. Bushotter, George (Oteri): Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) November 1878-September 1881; September 1883-July 1885; September 1885. George entered the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Alexandria, Virginia, in 1885. Teacher and farmer. George also worked for James Owen Dorsey of the Bureau of American Ethnology. George helped Dorsey learn the Teton Lakota dialect and preserved hundreds of Lakota stories and rituals. Died February 2, 1892. Cadocte, John (Hokatokte or Nakpa): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) November 1878-September 1879. Returned home due to illness and died in 1879. Caesar, Julius: Pawnee (Pawnee Agency, OK) October 1886-September 1889. Farmer, Agency Carpenter, and interpreter. Campbell, James: Sioux (Sisseton Agency, SD) Arrived at HI in November 1911. Attempted to enroll but school officials learned that James was a Carlisle runaway and returned him to the Carlisle Indian School. Cantewanica, Daniel (No Heart): Sioux (Cheyenne River, SD) November 1878-September 1879. Son of Chief Little No Heart. Accidentally shot and killed in 1882. Carpenter, James: Crow (Crow Agency, MT) September 1903-November 1903. Returned at family's request. "Does not work much. Has let hair grow long & wears it tied with ornaments." Carpenter, Louis Joseph (Little Bird): Chippewa (White Earth, MN) September 1903-January 1905. Expelled from HI on the grounds of "grossly immoral conduct." Later attended Dickinson College in Carlisle, PA. Fireman, notary public, realtor, and Treasurer of the Brotherhood of North American Indians. Cedar Boy, Albert (Rante Koksina): Sioux (Cheyenne River, SD) June 1884-May 1888. Carpenter, described as "intemperate." Died in July 1889. Cetan, Samuel (Hawk): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) October 1881-July 1885. Farmer, blacksmith, and catechist. "Good name." Samuel was the son of Little Shield, a soldier of Chief White Ghost. Charging Hawk, John (Mastinkute): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) September 1892-April 1896. Later attended Haskell Institute. Carpenter and farmer. Died in October 1916. Charles, Josiah: Oneida (WI) [M. Cora Powless (HI)]. November 1888-June 1896. Married Cora Powless (HI). "Pretty good farmer." Also a logger, night watchman, and grocery store operator. Charlton, Howard (Marcuvekist): Cheyenne Arrived at HI on April 13, 1878, with Richard Henry Pratt and the other Fort Marion prisoners. Left HI in October 1879 to accompany Pratt to Carlisle. Died in 1881. Chasing Alone, Luke (Isnawaknwa): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) October 1889-June 1892. Farmer, stockraiser, carpenter and janitor. "Working around agency, odd jobs." Chavez, Allessandro Saveda: Pueblo (Tule, AZ) September 1901-May 1903. Clerk, railroad employee, and rancher. *Chilson, Daniel: Pottawatomi (Shawneetown, OK) August 1885 until graduating in 1889. Teacher, farmer, harnessmaker, and road overseer. Died in 1911 from pneumonia. Chisholm, Frank: Shawnee (Shawneetown, OK) September 1880-June 1883. Stockraiser, farmer, and policeman. Chisholm, William Murdock: Chippewa (Cloquet, MN) [M. Maude Hatchett (a black HI alumna)]. November 1911-October 1912. William left school when the government appropriation ended. Married Maude Hatchett, a black student who attended HI from 1908-1912. Chooromi, John Schoroma (Tehoroma=Blue Bird): Hopi (Keams Canyon, AZ) May 1901-June 1903. Baker, disciplinarian, and farmer. Later reports indicate: "Gone back to Indian life." Changed his name to John C. Mahkewa. Chosa, Joseph: Chippewa (Lac du Flambeau, WI) September 1908-October 1909. Expelled for contracting venereal disease while he was a student. Studied carpentry at HI. Returned home and found work as a guide to woodsmen. Cora Folsom reported: "Record O.K." Cihila, Benedict (Cihila): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) June 1884 until returning home due to illness in April 1886. Farmer and general laborer until his death on January 4, 1887. Clark, Homer (Hoyuze=Fisher): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) [M. Jeanette Stricker (HI)]. November 1888-July 1890. Elected Judge of the Indian Court, catechist, and farmer. Died in July 1921. Clark, James William (Semota): Absentee-Shawnee (Kiowa, Comanche, & Wichita Agency, OK) October 1899-December 1900. Interpreter, carpenter, and farmer. "Leading mescal man." Poor record. Clay, John: Winnebago (NB) July 1887 until his expulsion for drinking alcohol in October 1888. Attended Carlisle and joined a traveling medicine show. "Strong mescal man and drinks too. No good." Farmer. Clifford, Charles: Sioux (Pine Ridge, SD) July 1885-May 1888. Farmer and stockraiser. "He is interested in all progressive movements among the Indians." *Clifford, James Blaine (Tawapahaska=His White War Bonnet): Sioux (Pine Ridge, SD) [M. Ellen Wilson (HI)]. September 1900 until graduating in 1903. James stayed at 1903-1904 for the post-graduate course in Agriculture. Farmer and stockraiser. Clifford, John (Hoksina to=Blue Boy): Sioux (Pine Ridge, SD) October 1901-May 1904. Excellent home record. Farm instructor and stockraiser. Climbing Bear, Deleskee: Cherokee (NC) March 1895-November 1896. Farmer. Cobe, Albert William (Nachewanaquad): Chippewa (Lac du Flambeau, WI) September 1920-July 1921. Attended Haskell Institute and completed teacher training. Coffey, Amos Given: Chippewa (Cloquet, MN) September 1911-May 1915. Completed HI's steamfitting course of study, but was denied a certificate in steamfitting. Engineer and World War I veteran. Coleman, Calvin: Cherokee (NC) October 1917-September 1918. Farmer. File notes Calvin's disputed ethnic background: "not considered as Indian by members of tribe or whites living nearby." Apparently Calvin was Indian, Black, and White. Conalez, Robert: Shawnee (Shawneetown, OK) September 1880-June 1883. Farmer, policeman, cowboy, and horse thief. Died in 1903. Conally, Charles: Sac & Fox (Sac & Fox Agency, OK) November 1886-September 1887. Left school early due to poor health. Policeman. Died in 1887. Conger, Henry: Sioux (Yankton, SD) September 1895-June 1899. Farmer. Died in November 1910. Conklin, Charles: Seneca (Cattaraugus, NY) October 3, 1906 until he ran away from the school October 16, 1906. Conklin, Enoch (Savarpks): Pima (Pima Agency, AZ) Arrived at HI in February 1881. Died at HI on October 11, 1881. Buried in the school cemetery. Conroy, Benjamin: Sioux, Oglalla Band (Pine Ridge, SD) October 1903-June 1906. Stockraiser. Cook, Joseph (Tuncan-sapa): Sioux (Yankton, SD) November 1878-September 1879. Carpenter, farmer, and Chief of Police. Joseph also enlisted in the U.S. Infantry. Died in 1921. Coons, Arthur (They All Depended On Him): Pawnee (OK) [M. Anna Esau (HI)]. October 1910-October 1911. Expelled when it was learned that Arthur stopped at a house of prostitution during his return from a trip home. Farmer and stockraiser. Cooper, Lawrence: Seneca (Allegany, NY) October 1912 until leaving HI without permission due to acute homesickness in November 1912. Returned to HI in September 1914 and remained until March 1915. Dismissed for "immorality" when it was learned that Lawrence impregnated Libbie Halftown. World War I veteran. Laborer. Cornelius, Eli: Oneida (WI) September 1891-June 1895. Farmer and dairyman. Cornelius, Jesse H.: Oneida (WI) July 1889-June 1894; September 1894-June 1898; September 1898-January 1902. Farmer and industrial teacher at a government school. Also employed as an Agency Carpenter. Cornelius, Mason: Oneida (WI) September 1891-June 1897. Painter, farmer, and carpenter. Cornelius, Sampson: Oneida (WI) September 1895-June 1899. Sampson later attended the Carlisle Indian School from 1899-1903. School engineer, dairyman in a government school, and mason. Coulon, Sherman Peters (Shawart): Oneida (WI) February 6, 1904-June 30, 1904. Sherman ran away from the school while on his summer outing. Farmer and laborer. Counsellor (or Councillor), Charles: Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) December 1882-May 1884. The one year old son of Philip and Kate Counsellor, a HI couple. Farmer. Counsellor (or Councillor), Philip (Wanokia): Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) [M. Katie Brazeau Counsellor (HI couple)]. Came to HI with his wife, Kate, and son, Charles, in December 1882. The family left HI in May 1884. Catechist, Y.M.C.A. leader, and farmer. Couteau, John (Nannicooto): Sac & Fox (Sac & Fox Agency, OK) June 1882 until running away in April 1887. John returned to HI in October 1889 and remained until May 1894. United States Marshall, farmer, freighter. Attended Haskell Institute after HI. Cracking Wing (Sutateish or Cetaghe): Mandan (Fort Berthold, ND) The son of Elk Feather, a prominent fallen soldier chief. October 1881 until his death at HI on April 21, 1884. Buried in the school cemetery. Cross, Thomas Simon (Bird): Chippewa (Lac du Flambeau, WI) September 1920-July 1921. Continued his education at the government school in Mt. Pleasant, MI. Crouse, Chester: Seneca (Allegany, NY) September 1892-January 1894. Farmer and convicted felon. Died in 1907. Crouse, Edison Eliot: Seneca (Allegany, NY) [M. Alice Jamison (HI)]. November 1910-May 1912. Telegraph operator, raised poultry, Treasurer of the Seneca Nation. Died May 8, 1935. Crouse, George (Jarnoh): Seneca (Allegany, NY) September 1892-June 1897. Machinist and farmer. "Hard worker." Crouse, George W.: Seneca (Allegany, NY) September 1914-July 1915. Attended Haskell Institute, ran away. Crow, Alfred (Kangi): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) June 1884-September 1887. Farmer, carpenter, and shoemaker. Crow Boy, Arthur (Kangi-hoksina): Sioux (Cheyenne River, SD) June 1884-October 1886. Left due to illness. Died in January 1887. Crow Feather, James (Kangi-Wiyaka): Sioux (Cheyenne River, SD) October 1889-July 1890. Catechist, mission helper, and carpenter. Died in July 1918. Crow Man, John (Kill Crow Indian or Kangi-iwicasakte)): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) October 1889-July 1891. "Farmer of ordinary sort." Crowe, Wesley Russell: Cherokee (NC) April 1894-November 1898. Farmer, interpreter, and laborer. Culbertson, Moses: Sioux (Yankton, SD) November 1886-July 1890. Farmer, teacher, and church organist. Died on March 11, 1892. Curran, John Eddie: Yuma (Yuma, AZ) September 1904-October 1907. Awarded a blacksmith certificate at HI. Returned home and opened a blacksmith shop. Became Secretary of the Yuma Agricultural Club. Described as an "excellent workman." Cusick, Simon: Tuscarora (Tuscarora, NY) September 1903-June 1905. Farmer. Canadian World War I veteran. Decorated by the Canadian Army for injuries received during the war (gassed). Dale, William H.: Caddo (Kiowa Agency, OK) September 15, 1911-September 25, 1911. HI discovered that William was a Carlisle runaway. William's student file reports: "was returned to Carlisle, having left without permission." Damon, James: Navaho (Fort Defiance, AZ) September 1901-September 1907. Awarded a carpentry certificate in 1907. Carpenter, sheep herder, and trading store proprietor. Dana, George: Penobscot (Old Town, ME) November 1892-June 1894. Bookkeeper, printer, and tour guide. Governor of the Old Indian Party. Successfully brought the different tribal factions together and achieved unity. Danforth, Thomas (Dwnis): Oneida (WI) October 1897-December 1899. Logger, carpenter, and laborer. Davenport, Harry (Marcopar): Sac & Fox (Tama, IA) September 1896-October 1897. Harry was dismissed from HI due to his deafness. Maker of Indian jewelry. Reported to be a mescal leader. Died in May 1909. Davenport, William (Wasakonaha=The One Who Flashes): Sac & Fox (Tama, IA) September 1896-October 1897. William left a wife and two children at home so he could attend HI. He left the school after only one year to return to his family. Laborer, farmer, and hog raiser. Day, Joseph: Sioux (Santee Agency, NB) September 1891-August 1892. Left HI due to illness. Later attended the Indian school at Genoa, Nebraska. Laborer. Decora, Walter: Winnebago (NB) July 1887-July 1890. Policeman and Farmer. Died in February 1920. DeCoteau, Lien Philip (Wakanhdito=Blue Lightning): Sioux (Wilmot, SD) October 1916-August 1917. Left HI to enter Haskell Institute. Farmer. DeFond, Samuel (Cinyekudan=Little Brother): Sioux (Yankton, SD) August 1885-May 1888. Teacher, missionary, agency farmer and clerk. "Highly respected." Died in 1902. DeGray, Arthur: Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) October 1901-December 1901. Left due to illness. Attended Haskell Institute. Agency employee until his death in February 1903. DeGray, George: Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) September 1896-December 1897. Attended Carlisle 1900-1905. Died in February 1907. Delay (or Ankle), Daniel Issador: Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) November 1888-June 1890. Enlisted in the all Indian unit of the Twenty-Second Infantry stationed at Fort Yates, ND, in September 1891. Daniel enjoyed the military life and rose to the rank of First Sergeant. Died in 1894. Also known as Daniel Ankle. Deloria, George (Cloud Horse): Sioux (Yankton, SD) November 1878-September 1879. Carpenter and farmer. Died December 28, 1899. "Loafer." "Great dancer." Deluska (Hukegadishtish=Little Pole Cat): Mandan (Fort Berthold, ND) The son of Plenty Fox, a soldier chief, arrived at HI in October 1881. Deluska returned home in June 1883 due to an illness. Died in May 1885. Demar, Edward (Winnebago): Chippewa (Cour d' Oreilles, WI) September 1897-March 1898. Expelled for poor conduct. Attended Haskell Institute in 1900 and the Carlisle Indian School in 1901. Laborer and forest guide. Denney, Charles: Oneida (WI) September 1891-August 1892. Left HI due to illness. Died in 1893. Denney, Wilson: Oneida (WI) [M. Abbie Powless (HI)]. September 1891-July 1893. Farmer. Died in 1916. DeRockbrain, Antoine (Mackan=Dare): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) Antoine was Sitting Bull's cousin and the grandson of John Gall. August 1886-July 1889. Teacher, farmer, tribal leader, and agency interpreter. Antoine was also elected Commissioner of Corson County, South Dakota, and Secretary of the Standing Rock Business Committee. Deroin, Louis: Otoe (Otoe, OK) September 1909-February 1911. Expelled from HI for drinking liquor. Described as a "drifter" and "gambler." Deronda, Walter (Tikanye): Sioux (Yankton, SD) October 1889-November 1892. Carpenter and farmer. DeSheuquette, Leon: Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) [M. Susan DeSheuquette (HI couple)]. August 1885-July 1886. Came to HI with his wife, Susan. Assistant teacher, storekeeper, farmer and stockraiser. Considered one of Lower Brule's "most progressive cattle dealers." De Smit, Joseph: Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) November 1888-July 1889. Returned home too ill to work. Died in 1891. Doanmoe, Etahdleuh: Kiowa Came to HI on April 13, 1878 with the Fort Marion prisoners. Etahdleuh left HI in October 1879 to accompany Pratt to Carlisle. Attended Carlisle from 1879-1882; 1884-1887. Farmer and missionary. Died April 20, 1888. "A noble young man, deeply interested in the welfare of his people." Doctor, Milo: Seneca (Tonawanda, NY) September 1898-June 1900. Later attended Carlisle Indian School until joining the Army in 1905. Musician. Played in the United States Army Band for many years. *Dodson, John Silvester: Shoshone (Austin, NV) John came to HI in September 1904 after graduating from the Phoenix Indian School and remained at HI until graduating in 1908. Awarded a carpentry certificate in 1907. Industrial teacher, school carpenter, and farmer. Doffit (Dolphus), James: Sioux (Cheyenne River, SD) November 1884-June 1885. Farmer and stockraiser. Died in 1900. Dominick, William: Mohawk (Schenectady, NY) November 1891-1892. Expelled from HI for liquor consumption. Door, Frank (Tiyopa): Sioux (Cheyenne River, SD) June 1884-1888. Died June 28, 1888 at HI. Buried in the school cemetery. Dorchester, Daniel: Yuma (Fort Yuma,AZ) Arrived September 30, 1904, after becoming the first Yuma to graduate from a non-reservation school when he graduated from the Phoenix Indian School. Deathly ill with typhoid fever upon arrival. Died in the school hospital on October 22, 1904. *Downing, John D.: Cherokee [Adopted Wichita] (Kiowa, Comanche, & Wichita Agency, OK) September 1878 until graduating from HI in 1882. Policeman, farmer, and stockraiser. "Very prosperous." Unlike other Indian alumni, John Downing made it known to school officials that he opposed the Dawes Severalty Act. Died on July 25, 1923. *Doxon, Charles (Hosquasagada): Onondaga (Onondaga, NY) October 1883 until graduating from HI in 1889. John was the first American Indian student to attend HI without any government assistance. He became a successful mechanic in New York. Charles returned to HI as the "Wigwam father" and assisted in the Trade School while recuperating from a work-related injury. Charles was the founder and one of the directors of the Onondaga Indian Welfare Society. He died on February 3, 1917. Doxtater, Chauncey D.: Oneida (WI) [M. Rhonda Wheelock (HI)]. September 1898-June 1900. Chauncey later attended Carlisle. Assistant industrial teacher, dairyman, bandmaster, and farmer. Doxtater, Chauncey Ruseter: Oneida (WI) January 1905-October 1906. Farmer. Doxtater, Edward W.: Oneida (WI) October 1897-November 1902. Farmer and government school engineer. Died in 1907. Doxtater, Hyson: Oneida (WI) September 1899-June 1902. Farmer, "pretty good fellow." Doxtater, Peter Juno: Oneida (WI) September 1898-July 1899. Returned home due to illness. Died on November 20, 1899. DuBray, Everett Edward: Sioux (Yankton, SD) October 1919-December 27, 1919. Left HI without permission and enlisted in the Navy. His father, Reverend Joseph DuBray, also attended HI. DuBray, Joseph (Cankaksa): Sioux (Yankton, SD) September 1890-February 1895. Government school employee and Spanish-American War veteran. Joseph returned to Virginia in 1914 to enter the Episcopal Theological Seminary. Episcopal minister at Lower Brule Agency, SD. His son, Everett DuBray, also attended HI. Joseph's daughter, Lena, attended the College of William & Mary. Dupuis, Edward: Sioux (Cheyenne River, SD) [M. Mary Traversie (HI)]. November 1884-April 1885. Successful cattleman. Died in December 27, 1909. Eaton, Oliver (Amoharma): Mohave (San Carlos Agency, AZ) February 1881-May 1885. Scout for General Nelson Miles, interpreter, and farmer. Died about 1895. Ecorruptaha (Ikadaptaha or Looking Around): Mandan (Fort Berthold, ND) November 1878-1880. Died at HI on June 28, 1880. Buried in the school cemetery. Elk, Paul (Hupan): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) August 1886-October 1886. Left school early due to poor health. Died in 1906. Ellis, Joseph: Sioux (Lower Brule, SD) [M. Ellen Ellis (HI couple)]. August 1885-November 1885. Came to HI with his wife, Ellen Ellis. Farmer and stockraiser. *Elm, Andrew: Oneida (WI) September 1894-June 1898; September 1898-November 1899. Graduated in 1899. Farmer, teacher, bandmaster, and disciplinarian in government schools. Died June 2, 1929. Elm, Edward: Oneida (WI) February 1895-February 1898. Traveled with a show after returning home. Farmer and laborer. Elm, Elias E.: Oneida (Tonawanda, NY) September 1898-December 1900. Farmer. Elm, Horton G.: Oneida (Tonawanda, NY) September 1898-June 1899. File notes "serious indication of unsound mind." Later attended Carlisle. Farmer and dairy farm operator. Elm, Jason: Oneida (WI) September 1898-June 1899. Sent away because school officials regarded him as "poor material." Laborer. Elm, Moses: Oneida (WI) September 1894-June 1897. Farmer. Elm, Nathan: Oneida (WI) September 1898-October 1901. Farmer and musician in Wheelock's Indian Band. Died in January 1907. Emerson, William Palsisk: Pima (Sacaton, AZ) September 1901-January 1905. Expelled from HI for "immoral conduct." Painter and farmer. Emery, Charles Elijah (Kahgayahwn): Chippewa (White Earth, MN) September 1915-April 1918. Returned home to settle land claims. *Enouf, James: Pottawatomi (Shawneetown, OK) October 1889 until graduating in 1892. Teacher, farmer, stockraiser, and bartender. Eskiaz, Vincent: Apache [Chiricahua Band] (Mount Vernon, Alabama) March 1894-June 1896. Left HI early due to an illness. Settled at Fort Sill, OK, and died in 1896. Estes, Alexander: Sioux (Yankton, SD) August 1885-1887. Died at HI on February 2, 1887. Buried in the school cemetery. Estes, George (Matoksu): Sioux (Yankton, SD) August 1885-September 1888. Carpenter, farmer, clerk, and interpreter. Married Driving Hawk's second daughter. Died in May 1900. Estes, Joseph (Standing Crane): Sioux (Yankton, SD) October 1881-September 1884. Printed Iapi Oaye, farmer, teacher at a government school, store owner, County Commissioner, and postmaster. For a brief time Joseph was the Superintendent of the Santee Indian School, becoming the first Native American to hold such a position. In February 1913 Joseph testified before the House Committee on Indian Affairs regarding the Stephen's Bill. Died in March 1918. Farmer, John: Onondaga (Onondaga, NY) October 1883-July 1885. Farmer. Farmer, Orris Harrison (Hyowis): Onondaga (Onondaga, NY) September 1910-May 1912. Mason and Farmer. Orris also became an Onondaga chief. *Fielder, Henry William (Hepapetela): Sioux (Cheyenne River, SD) March 1894 until graduating in 1899. Farmer, teacher, and rancher. Cora Folsom described Henry as a "leading man on reservation." President of the Indian Temperance Society at Cheyenne River and the Secretary of the Cheyenne River Business Committee. Fire Cloud, Armstrong: Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) Armstrong was born at HI in July 1886 and died at the school on August 6, 1886. His parents, Daniel and Emma Fire Cloud, were participating in the school's family program. Armstrong is buried in the school cemetery. Fire Cloud, Daniel: Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) [Emma Fire Cloud (HI couple)]. Daniel came to HI in April 1885 with his wife, Emma, and two boys, Thomas and Walter. The couple's other two sons, Daniel and James, were already attending HI when the family arrived. Another son, Armstrong Fire Cloud, was born at HI in July 1886 and died at the school on August 6, 1886. Daniel and Emma left the school in October 1886 due to Emma's illness. Catechist and Deacon. Daniel died in 1915. Fire Cloud (Jr.), Daniel (Mahpiya-peta): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) September 1883-1886. His parents, Daniel and Emma Fire Cloud, followed Daniel to HI in April 1885. Fourteen year-old Daniel died at the school on September 3, 1886 from an accidental poisoning. Buried in the school cemetery. Fire Cloud, James: Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) November 1884-October 1886; September 1897-May 1898. James' parents, Daniel and Emma, followed him to HI in April 1885. James returned home with his family in October 1886. Returned to HI in September 1897 and stayed until May 1898. Later attended Carlisle. Enlisted in the armed forces in 1918. Blacksmith and farmer. Fire Cloud, Thomas: Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) April 1885-October 1886. Came to HI at the age of six with his parents, Daniel and Emma Fire Cloud. Left the Indian class in October 1886 when his parents returned home. Thomas continued his education after leaving the school. Fire Cloud, Walter: Sioux (Crow Creek) Came to HI in April 1885 at the age of one with his parents, Daniel and Emma Fire Cloud. Returned home with his parents in October 1886. Fire Elk, Cassimer (Herakapeta): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) August 1886-October 1886. Left HI due to illness. Fire Elk's student file reports that he had been a "medicine man" and made trouble at the school "attempting to practice his art here upon the students." Farmer. Died in 1893. Fire Tail (or Fire), Louis (Mato Keiza=Fighting Bear): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) September 1897-June 1902. Louis shortened his last name to Fire after leaving school. Farmer, carpenter, and blacksmith. "Farming, nice wife and children." Louis enlisted in the armed services during World War I and was assigned to a recruiting office at Fort Thompson, SD. First, Hail, Eugene (Wasu-tokakeya): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) June 1884 until leaving the school due to an illness in September 1884. Carpenter. Died March 9, 1888. Fisher, Adam (Wakkonchariookaw=Coming Thunder): Winnebago (NB) September 1899-October 1902. Left HI to enter a school in Mt. Hermon, Massachusetts. Later attended Carlisle 1903- 1906. Died in 1906. Fisherman, Henry (Tamaheca): Sioux (Cheyenne River, SD) November 1878-September 1881. Farmer, carpenter, and freighter. Fletcher, John: Cheyenne (Cheyenne & Arapaho Agency, OK) September 1913-November 1915. John continued his education at the Southwestern State Normal School in Weatherford, Oklahoma. Farmer and mission helper. Died June 20, 1963. Fletcher, Joseph (Ihaw=Skunk): Cheyenne (Cheyenne & Arapaho Agency, OK) September 1905-May 1908. Interpreter and farmer. Fly, Joseph (Tonkeye wakuwa=Chases First): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) Joseph was the grandson of Sitting Bull, the famous Lakota chief. His father, Thomas Fly (or Uhakeumpa), also attended HI. October 1901-November 1901. Left HI due to chronic eye trouble. Musician and general laborer. Died September 20, 1912. *Fontenelle, Albert: Omaha (NB) July 1885 until his expulsion for alcohol use in January 1886. Albert was permitted to return to HI after graduating from Haskell Institute in 1886 (class valedictorian). Remained at HI from October 1887 until graduating in 1889. Entered the Omaha City Commercial College upon returning home. Clerk, engineer and farmer. Died in September 1898. *Fontenelle, Eugene: Omaha (NB) July 1885 until graduating in 1888. Eugene continued his education after leaving HI and studied law at Cornell University from 1888-1889. Farmer and teacher. Foreman, Amos: Delaware (Cherokee Agency, OK) August 1885 until leaving HI due to an illness in November 1885. Farmer until his death in 1886. Foreman, Charles: Delaware (Cherokee Agency, OK) August 1885-October 1890. Spanish-American War veteran, farmer, and carpenter in Massachusetts. Died in December 1935. Foreman, Frank: Absentee-Shawnee (Shawneetown, OK) November 1886-September 1889. Attended Haskell Institute after leaving HI. Lived off of the revenues he received by leasing his land. Caroline Andrus reported in 1915 that Frank "belongs to peyote." Four Star (Foster), Samuel (Wicahpitopa): Sioux (Yankton, SD) November 1878-September 1880; June 1884-September 1887. Farmer and carpenter. Changed his name to Samuel Foster. Four Swords, Henry (Sagye-topa): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) April 1885 until leaving due to an illness in April 1886. Harnessmaker and farmer. Comments note "long hair", "very Indian." Died April 15, 1935. Fox, Andrew (Sungina): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) Nephew of Wizi and White Ghost, Sioux chiefs. November 1878-September 1881; June 1884-October 1884. Returned home in October 1884 due to illness. School officials noted that after the episode Andrew "behaved so badly he was sent home the next chance." Sungina married Sitting Bull's daughter and later became Sitting Bull's secretary and interpreter. He participated in the Ghost Dance and was imprisoned at Fort Sully, SD. Later worked as a Congregational Minister's assistant and farmer. Frazier, Alfred (Hepan): Sioux (Santee, NB) September 1897-June 1900. Farmer. Died from tuberculosis on August 9, 1906. Frazier, Daniel (Hepi): Sioux (Santee, NB) August 1890-July 1893. Missionary, farmer, and teamster. *Frazier, George Judson (Haupa): Sioux (Santee Agency, NB) August 1890-July 1893; September 1893-June 1895. George continued his studies after graduating from HI at the Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, NH, and in South Dakota. In 1903 George graduated from a medical school in Denver, Colorado. George operated a private practice while simultaneously holding positions in the United States Indian Service as an agency physician, health officer, and school physician. George died on November 11, 1964. Frazier, Howard (Ehnamani): Sioux (Santee, NB) October 1904-May 1907. Awarded a carpentry certificate. Farmer, carpenter, and ordained minister. Fremont, Samuel (Wajaepa): Omaha (NB) June 1880-July 1881. Returned home in poor health and died on May 1, 1882. Frost, Charles Augustus: Omaha (NB) September 1895-June 1898. Farmer and owner of a real estate business. His son, Leon, also attended HI. Frost, Leon Leeds: Omaha (Robinson, KS) September 1919-December 1920. Leon's father, Charles Frost, also attended HI. Leon was asked to leave HI because he gave "no account of himself" and was "a bad influence on others." Leon found a job working for his uncle, Thomas Sloan (HI). Frost (Frosted), Thomas (Matoska=White Bear or Arewanke=Frost-Covered): Sioux (Crow Creek, SD) August 1885-September 1887. Carpenter, farmer, and Chief of Police. Described as a "leading man." His son, Philip Frosted, also attended HI. Frosted, Philip (Heyinkpa-wambdi=Eagle on Top)): Sioux (Standing Rock, ND) Son of Thomas Frost (HI). October 1901-December 1902. Expelled from HI on the grounds of "immorality." Carpenter. Died in 1909.